Digital_Repository/Misc/Mass downloads/UTas/745.html at 306ce8fa1f6a963a67d8f587e4c2fecc30412ae0

nigel.stanger / Digital_Repository
Find file
Newer
Older
Digital_Repository / Misc / Mass downloads / UTas / 745.html
Nigel Stanger on 7 May 2013 50 KB - Imported Misc directory.
Raw Blame History
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>UTas ePrints - Placental transfer of H-3-oleic acid in three species of viviparous lizards: A route for supplementation of embryonic fat bodies?</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
    <style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
    <style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
    <link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
    <link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
    <meta content="Jones, Susan M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Swain, Roy" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="S.M.Jones@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-02-16" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-02-04T02:17:48Z" name="eprints.lastmod" />
<meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
<meta content="Placental transfer of H-3-oleic acid in three species of viviparous lizards: A route for supplementation of embryonic fat bodies?" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="270799" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="270604" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content="embryo; lipid; lizard; Niveoscincus; placentotrophy; viviparity" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="We hypothesize that facultative placentrotrophy evolved in viviparous squamates as a means of supplementing embryonic fat reserves. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate a capacity for placental transfer of lipid in three species of the genus Niveoscincus that differ in degree of placental complexity and in their ability to defer parturition after embryonic development is complete. In Niveoscincus metallicus, we injected gravid females at different stages of gestation with H-3-oleic acid and studied transfer of the radio-label into maternal and embryonic lipid compartments over time. In a comparative study of N. ocellatus and N. microlepidotus, we measured transfer of H-3-oleic acid after 240 min in females with embryos at stages 39-40 only. For N. metallicus, the tune course experiment showed that transfer into the embryos tends to increase with time, and that the transfer ratio is greatest in late-stage embryos. Our results demonstrate that H-3-oleic acid is transferred into embryos, and into embryonic fat bodies, of all three species, but that the magnitude of transfer does not appear to be correlated with placental complexity." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2006" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Herpetological Monographs" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="20" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="186-193" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="UNSPECIFIED" name="eprints.thesis_type" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0733-1347" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="ANDREWS, R. M., AND T. MATHIES. 2000. Natural history of reptilian development: constraints on the evolution of viviparity. Bioscience 50: 227 - 238.
BLACKBURN, D. G. 1994. Standardised criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles. Copeia 1994: 925-955.
______. 2000. Reptilian viviparity: past research, future directions, and appropriate models. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 391-409.
BLACKBURN, D. G., L. J. VITT, AND C. A. BEUCHAT. 1984. Eutherian -like reproductive specialisations in a viviparous reptile. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 81: 4860-4863.
DUFAURE, J. P., AND J. HUBERT. 1961. Table de developpment du lizard vivipare: Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara Jaquin. Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique et de Morphologie Experimentale 50: 309-328.
GIRLING, J. E., S. M. JONES, AND R. SWAIN. 2002. Delayed ovulation and parturition in a viviparous alpine lizard (Niveoscincus microlepidotus): morphological data and plasma steroid concentrations. Reproduction Fertility and Development 14: 43-53.
JONES, S. M., AND R. SWAIN. 1996. Annual reproductive cycle and annual cycles of reproductive hormones in plasma of female Niveoscincus metallicus from Tasmania. Journal of Herpetology 30: 140-146.
JONES, S. M., E. WAPSTRA, AND R. SWAIN. 1997. Asynchronous male and female gonadal cycles and plasma steroid concnetrations in a viviparous lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Scincidae), from Tasmania. General and Comparative Endocrinology 108: 271-281.
JONES, S. M., E. J. BENNETT, AND K. M. SWADLING. 1998. Lipids in yolks and neonates of the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 121B: 465-470.
LARQUE, E., H. DEMMELMAIR, B. BERGER, U. HASBARGEN, AND B. KOLETZKO. 2002. In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labelled fatty acids in humans. Journal of Lipid Research 44: 49-55.
MOORE, C. E., AND G. A. DHOPESHWARKER. 1981. Placental transfer of trans fatty acids in the rat. Journal of Lipid Research 15: 1023-1028.
MUNRO, H. N., S. J. PILISTINE, AND M. E. FANT. 1983. The placenta in nutrition. Annual Reviews of Nutrition 3: 97-124.
SHINE, R. 1995. A new hypothesis for the evolution of viviparity in reptiles. The American Naturalist 145: 809-823.
SPEAKE, B. K., AND M. B. THOMPSON. 2000. Lipids of the eggs and neonates of oviparous and viviparous lizards. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 127A: 453-467.
STEWART, J. 1989. Facultative placentotrophy and the evolution of squamate placentation: quality of eggs and neonates in Virginia striatula. The American Naturalist 133: 111-137.
STEWART, J. R., AND M. B. THOMPSON. 1994. Placental structure of the Australian lizard, Niveoscincus metallicus (Squamata: Scincidae). Journal of Morphology 220: 223-236.
______. 2004. Placental ontogeny of the Tasmanian scincid lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Reptilia: Squamata). Journal of Morphology 259: 214-237.
SWAIN, R., AND S. M. JONES. 1997. Maternal transfer of 3H-labelled leucine in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Journal of Experimental Zoology 277: 139-145.
______. 2000a. Facultative placentotrophy: half-way house or strategic solution? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 441-451.
______. 2000b. Maternal effects associated with gestation conditions in a viviparous lizard. Herpetological Monographs 14: 432-440.
THOMPSON, J. 1977. The transfer of amino acids across the placenta of a viviparous lizard, Sphenomorphus quoyi (Lacertilia: Scincidae). Theriogenology 8: 158.
THOMPSON, M. B., J. R. STEWART, AND B. SPEAKE. 2000. Comparison of nutrient transport across the placenta of lizards differing in placental complexity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 469-479.
THOMPSON, M. B., B. K. SPEAKE, J. R. STEWART, K. J. RUSSELL, AND R. J. MCCARTNEY. 2001. Placental nutrition in the Tasmanian skink, Nivescincus ocellatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 171: 155-160.
THOMPSON, M. B., S. M. ADAMS, J. F. HERBERT, J. M. BIAZIK, AND C. R. MURPHY. 2004. Placental function in lizards. International Congress Series 1275: 218-225.
THOMPSON, M. B., B. K. SPEAKE, J. R. STEWART, K. RUSSELL, R. J. MCCARTNEY, AND P. F. SURAJ. 1999. Placental nutrition in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus: the influence of placental type. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2985-2997.
WAPSTRA, E., AND R. SWAIN. 2001. Reproductive correlates of abdominal fat body mass in Niveoscincus ocellatus, a skink with an asynchronous reproductive cycle. Journal of Herpetology 35: 403-409.
YARON, Z. 1977. Embryo-maternal interrelations in the lizard Xantusia vigilis. In J. H. Calaby and C. H. Tyndale-Biscoe [eds.], Reproduction and Evolution., 271-276. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
 
TABLE 1.-Transfer ratio (TR) of radio-labeled oleic acid into maternal compartments (blood, liver, abdominal fat bodies) 240 min after injection in Niveoscincus metallicus, N. ocellatus and N. microlepidotus with embryos at stage 39-40. Asterisk indicates a significantly different result (p < 0.05).


 
TABLE 2.-Transfer ratio (TR) (mean ÃÂÃÂ± S.E.M.) of radio-labeled oleic acid into embryonic (yolk, amniotic fluid, embryo, embryonic fat bodies) 240 min after injection in Niveoscincus metallicus, N. ocellatus and N. microlepidotus with embryos at stage 39-40. Asterisk indicates a significantly different result (p < 0.05). 



Species	TR yolk	TR amniotic fluid	TR embryo	TR  embryonic                          fat bodies
N. metallicus	0.339 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.073 	0.385 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.267	0.495  ÃÂÃÂ± 0.404*	0.370 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.240
N. ocellatus	0.306 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.031	0.277 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.163	0.154 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.067	0.296 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.341 
N. microlepidotus	0.374 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.041	0.480 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.306	0.115 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.045	0.422 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.0.331

 
FIG. 1.-Uptake of 3H-oleic acid into maternal blood of N. metallicus with embryos at different stages of development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 ÃÂÃÂºl plasma divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight. Data for females with embryos at stages 31-34 sampled after 60 min were removed from the data set.



FIG. 2.-Uptake of 3H-oleic acid into embryos of N. metallicus at different stages of embryonic development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 mg tissue divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight.



FIG. 3.-Uptake of 3H-oleic acid into yolks of N. metallicus at different stages of embryonic development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 mg tissue divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight.



FIG. 4.-Comparison of transfer ratios for  3H-oleic acid and 3H-leucine at 120 min after injection into embryos of N. metallicus at different stages of embryonic development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 mg tissue divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight (see text). Leucine data from Swain and Jones (1997).
 
Fig.1


 
Fig. 2



 
Fig. 3


 
Fig. 4



ANDREWS, R. M., AND T. MATHIES. 2000. Natural history of reptilian development: constraints on the evolution of viviparity. Bioscience 50: 227 - 238.
BLACKBURN, D. G. 1994. Standardised criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles. Copeia 1994: 925-955.
______. 2000. Reptilian viviparity: past research, future directions, and appropriate models. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 391-409.
BLACKBURN, D. G., L. J. VITT, AND C. A. BEUCHAT. 1984. Eutherian -like reproductive specialisations in a viviparous reptile. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 81: 4860-4863.
DUFAURE, J. P., AND J. HUBERT. 1961. Table de dÃÂÃÂ©vÃÂÃÂ©loppment du lÃÂÃÂ©zard vivipare: Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara Jaquin. Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique et de Morphologie Experimentale 50: 309-328.
GIRLING, J. E., S. M. JONES, AND R. SWAIN. 2002. Delayed ovulation and parturition in a viviparous alpine lizard (Niveoscincus microlepidotus): morphological data and plasma steroid concentrations. Reproduction Fertility and Development 14: 43-53.
JONES, S. M., AND R. SWAIN. 1996. Annual reproductive cycle and annual cycles of reproductive hormones in plasma of female Niveoscincus metallicus from Tasmania. Journal of Herpetology 30: 140-146.
JONES, S. M., E. WAPSTRA, AND R. SWAIN. 1997. Asynchronous male and female gonadal cycles and plasma steroid concnetrations in a viviparous lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Scincidae), from Tasmania. General and Comparative Endocrinology 108: 271-281.
JONES, S. M., E. J. BENNETT, AND K. M. SWADLING. 1998. Lipids in yolks and neonates of the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 121B: 465-470.
LARQUE, E., H. DEMMELMAIR, B. BERGER, U. HASBARGEN, AND B. KOLETZKO. 2002. In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labelled fatty acids in humans. Journal of Lipid Research 44: 49-55.
MOORE, C. E., AND G. A. DHOPESHWARKER. 1981. Placental transfer of trans fatty acids in the rat. Journal of Lipid Research 15: 1023-1028.
MUNRO, H. N., S. J. PILISTINE, AND M. E. FANT. 1983. The placenta in nutrition. Annual Reviews of Nutrition 3: 97-124.
SHINE, R. 1995. A new hypothesis for the evolution of viviparity in reptiles. The American Naturalist 145: 809-823.
SPEAKE, B. K., AND M. B. THOMPSON. 2000. Lipids of the eggs and neonates of oviparous and viviparous lizards. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 127A: 453-467.
STEWART, J. 1989. Facultative placentotrophy and the evolution of squamate placentation: quality of eggs and neonates in Virginia striatula. The American Naturalist 133: 111-137.
STEWART, J. R., AND M. B. THOMPSON. 1994. Placental structure of the Australian lizard, Niveoscincus metallicus (Squamata: Scincidae). Journal of Morphology 220: 223-236.
______. 2004. Placental ontogeny of the Tasmanian scincid lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Reptilia: Squamata). Journal of Morphology 259: 214-237.
SWAIN, R., AND S. M. JONES. 1997. Maternal transfer of 3H-labelled leucine in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Journal of Experimental Zoology 277: 139-145.
______. 2000a. Facultative placentotrophy: half-way house or strategic solution? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 441-451.
______. 2000b. Maternal effects associated with gestation conditions in a viviparous lizard. Herpetological Monographs 14: 432-440.
THOMPSON, J. 1977. The transfer of amino acids across the placenta of a viviparous lizard, Sphenomorphus quoyi (Lacertilia: Scincidae). Theriogenology 8: 158.
THOMPSON, M. B., J. R. STEWART, AND B. SPEAKE. 2000. Comparison of nutrient transport across the placenta of lizards differing in placental complexity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 469-479.
THOMPSON, M. B., B. K. SPEAKE, J. R. STEWART, K. J. RUSSELL, AND R. J. MCCARTNEY. 2001. Placental nutrition in the Tasmanian skink, Nivescincus ocellatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 171: 155-160.
THOMPSON, M. B., S. M. ADAMS, J. F. HERBERT, J. M. BIAZIK, AND C. R. MURPHY. 2004. Placental function in lizards. International Congress Series 1275: 218-225.
THOMPSON, M. B., B. K. SPEAKE, J. R. STEWART, K. RUSSELL, R. J. MCCARTNEY, AND P. F. SURAJ. 1999. Placental nutrition in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus: the influence of placental type. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2985-2997.
WAPSTRA, E., AND R. SWAIN. 2001. Reproductive correlates of abdominal fat body mass in Niveoscincus ocellatus, a skink with an asynchronous reproductive cycle. Journal of Herpetology 35: 403-409.
YARON, Z. 1977. Embryo-maternal interrelations in the lizard Xantusia vigilis. In J. H. Calaby and C. H. Tyndale-Biscoe [eds.], Reproduction and Evolution., 271-276. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
 
TABLE 1.-Transfer ratio (TR) of radio-labeled oleic acid into maternal compartments (blood, liver, abdominal fat bodies) 240 min after injection in Niveoscincus metallicus, N. ocellatus and N. microlepidotus with embryos at stage 39-40. Asterisk indicates a significantly different result (p < 0.05).


 
TABLE 2.-Transfer ratio (TR) (mean ÃÂÃÂ± S.E.M.) of radio-labeled oleic acid into embryonic (yolk, amniotic fluid, embryo, embryonic fat bodies) 240 min after injection in Niveoscincus metallicus, N. ocellatus and N. microlepidotus with embryos at stage 39-40. Asterisk indicates a significantly different result (p < 0.05). 



Species	TR yolk	TR amniotic fluid	TR embryo	TR  embryonic                          fat bodies
N. metallicus	0.339 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.073 	0.385 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.267	0.495  ÃÂÃÂ± 0.404*	0.370 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.240
N. ocellatus	0.306 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.031	0.277 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.163	0.154 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.067	0.296 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.341 
N. microlepidotus	0.374 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.041	0.480 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.306	0.115 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.045	0.422 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.0.331

 
FIG. 1.-Uptake of 3H-oleic acid into maternal blood of N. metallicus with embryos at different stages of development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 ÃÂÃÂºl plasma divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight. Data for females with embryos at stages 31-34 sampled after 60 min were removed from the data set.



FIG. 2.-Uptake of 3H-oleic acid into embryos of N. metallicus at different stages of embryonic development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 mg tissue divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight.



FIG. 3.-Uptake of 3H-oleic acid into yolks of N. metallicus at different stages of embryonic development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 mg tissue divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight.



FIG. 4.-Comparison of transfer ratios for  3H-oleic acid and 3H-leucine at 120 min after injection into embryos of N. metallicus at different stages of embryonic development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 mg tissue divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight (see text). Leucine data from Swain and Jones (1997).
 
Fig.1


 
Fig. 2



 
Fig. 3


 
Fig. 4



ANDREWS, R. M., AND T. MATHIES. 2000. Natural history of reptilian development: constraints on the evolution of viviparity. Bioscience 50: 227 - 238.
BLACKBURN, D. G. 1994. Standardised criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles. Copeia 1994: 925-955.
______. 2000. Reptilian viviparity: past research, future directions, and appropriate models. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 391-409.
BLACKBURN, D. G., L. J. VITT, AND C. A. BEUCHAT. 1984. Eutherian -like reproductive specialisations in a viviparous reptile. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 81: 4860-4863.
DUFAURE, J. P., AND J. HUBERT. 1961. Table de dÃÂÃÂ©vÃÂÃÂ©loppment du lÃÂÃÂ©zard vivipare: Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara Jaquin. Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique et de Morphologie Experimentale 50: 309-328.
GIRLING, J. E., S. M. JONES, AND R. SWAIN. 2002. Delayed ovulation and parturition in a viviparous alpine lizard (Niveoscincus microlepidotus): morphological data and plasma steroid concentrations. Reproduction Fertility and Development 14: 43-53.
JONES, S. M., AND R. SWAIN. 1996. Annual reproductive cycle and annual cycles of reproductive hormones in plasma of female Niveoscincus metallicus from Tasmania. Journal of Herpetology 30: 140-146.
JONES, S. M., E. WAPSTRA, AND R. SWAIN. 1997. Asynchronous male and female gonadal cycles and plasma steroid concnetrations in a viviparous lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Scincidae), from Tasmania. General and Comparative Endocrinology 108: 271-281.
JONES, S. M., E. J. BENNETT, AND K. M. SWADLING. 1998. Lipids in yolks and neonates of the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 121B: 465-470.
LARQUE, E., H. DEMMELMAIR, B. BERGER, U. HASBARGEN, AND B. KOLETZKO. 2002. In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labelled fatty acids in humans. Journal of Lipid Research 44: 49-55.
MOORE, C. E., AND G. A. DHOPESHWARKER. 1981. Placental transfer of trans fatty acids in the rat. Journal of Lipid Research 15: 1023-1028.
MUNRO, H. N., S. J. PILISTINE, AND M. E. FANT. 1983. The placenta in nutrition. Annual Reviews of Nutrition 3: 97-124.
SHINE, R. 1995. A new hypothesis for the evolution of viviparity in reptiles. The American Naturalist 145: 809-823.
SPEAKE, B. K., AND M. B. THOMPSON. 2000. Lipids of the eggs and neonates of oviparous and viviparous lizards. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 127A: 453-467.
STEWART, J. 1989. Facultative placentotrophy and the evolution of squamate placentation: quality of eggs and neonates in Virginia striatula. The American Naturalist 133: 111-137.
STEWART, J. R., AND M. B. THOMPSON. 1994. Placental structure of the Australian lizard, Niveoscincus metallicus (Squamata: Scincidae). Journal of Morphology 220: 223-236.
______. 2004. Placental ontogeny of the Tasmanian scincid lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Reptilia: Squamata). Journal of Morphology 259: 214-237.
SWAIN, R., AND S. M. JONES. 1997. Maternal transfer of 3H-labelled leucine in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Journal of Experimental Zoology 277: 139-145.
______. 2000a. Facultative placentotrophy: half-way house or strategic solution? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 441-451.
______. 2000b. Maternal effects associated with gestation conditions in a viviparous lizard. Herpetological Monographs 14: 432-440.
THOMPSON, J. 1977. The transfer of amino acids across the placenta of a viviparous lizard, Sphenomorphus quoyi (Lacertilia: Scincidae). Theriogenology 8: 158.
THOMPSON, M. B., J. R. STEWART, AND B. SPEAKE. 2000. Comparison of nutrient transport across the placenta of lizards differing in placental complexity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 469-479.
THOMPSON, M. B., B. K. SPEAKE, J. R. STEWART, K. J. RUSSELL, AND R. J. MCCARTNEY. 2001. Placental nutrition in the Tasmanian skink, Nivescincus ocellatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 171: 155-160.
THOMPSON, M. B., S. M. ADAMS, J. F. HERBERT, J. M. BIAZIK, AND C. R. MURPHY. 2004. Placental function in lizards. International Congress Series 1275: 218-225.
THOMPSON, M. B., B. K. SPEAKE, J. R. STEWART, K. RUSSELL, R. J. MCCARTNEY, AND P. F. SURAJ. 1999. Placental nutrition in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus: the influence of placental type. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2985-2997.
WAPSTRA, E., AND R. SWAIN. 2001. Reproductive correlates of abdominal fat body mass in Niveoscincus ocellatus, a skink with an asynchronous reproductive cycle. Journal of Herpetology 35: 403-409.
YARON, Z. 1977. Embryo-maternal interrelations in the lizard Xantusia vigilis. In J. H. Calaby and C. H. Tyndale-Biscoe [eds.], Reproduction and Evolution., 271-276. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
 
TABLE 1.-Transfer ratio (TR) of radio-labeled oleic acid into maternal compartments (blood, liver, abdominal fat bodies) 240 min after injection in Niveoscincus metallicus, N. ocellatus and N. microlepidotus with embryos at stage 39-40. Asterisk indicates a significantly different result (p < 0.05).


 
TABLE 2.-Transfer ratio (TR) (mean ÃÂÃÂ± S.E.M.) of radio-labeled oleic acid into embryonic (yolk, amniotic fluid, embryo, embryonic fat bodies) 240 min after injection in Niveoscincus metallicus, N. ocellatus and N. microlepidotus with embryos at stage 39-40. Asterisk indicates a significantly different result (p < 0.05). 



Species	TR yolk	TR amniotic fluid	TR embryo	TR  embryonic                          fat bodies
N. metallicus	0.339 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.073 	0.385 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.267	0.495  ÃÂÃÂ± 0.404*	0.370 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.240
N. ocellatus	0.306 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.031	0.277 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.163	0.154 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.067	0.296 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.341 
N. microlepidotus	0.374 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.041	0.480 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.306	0.115 ÃÂÃÂ±  0.045	0.422 ÃÂÃÂ± 0.0.331

 
FIG. 1.-Uptake of 3H-oleic acid into maternal blood of N. metallicus with embryos at different stages of development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 ÃÂÃÂºl plasma divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight. Data for females with embryos at stages 31-34 sampled after 60 min were removed from the data set.



FIG. 2.-Uptake of 3H-oleic acid into embryos of N. metallicus at different stages of embryonic development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 mg tissue divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight.



FIG. 3.-Uptake of 3H-oleic acid into yolks of N. metallicus at different stages of embryonic development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 mg tissue divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight.



FIG. 4.-Comparison of transfer ratios for  3H-oleic acid and 3H-leucine at 120 min after injection into embryos of N. metallicus at different stages of embryonic development. Transfer ratio = dpm in 100 mg tissue divided by dpm injected per 100 g maternal body weight (see text). Leucine data from Swain and Jones (1997).
 
Fig.1


 
Fig. 2



 
Fig. 3


 
Fig. 4



ANDREWS, R. M., AND T. MATHIES. 2000. Natural history of reptilian development: constraints on the evolution of viviparity. Bioscience 50: 227 - 238.
BLACKBURN, D. G. 1994. Standardised criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles. Copeia 1994: 925-955.
______. 2000. Reptilian viviparity: past research, future directions, and appropriate models. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 391-409.
BLACKBURN, D. G., L. J. VITT, AND C. A. BEUCHAT. 1984. Eutherian -like reproductive specialisations in a viviparous reptile. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 81: 4860-4863.
DUFAURE, J. P., AND J. HUBERT. 1961. Table de dÃÂÃÂ©vÃÂÃÂ©loppment du lÃÂÃÂ©zard vivipare: Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara Jaquin. Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique et de Morphologie Experimentale 50: 309-328.
GIRLING, J. E., S. M. JONES, AND R. SWAIN. 2002. Delayed ovulation and parturition in a viviparous alpine lizard (Niveoscincus microlepidotus): morphological data and plasma steroid concentrations. Reproduction Fertility and Development 14: 43-53.
JONES, S. M., AND R. SWAIN. 1996. Annual reproductive cycle and annual cycles of reproductive hormones in plasma of female Niveoscincus metallicus from Tasmania. Journal of Herpetology 30: 140-146.
JONES, S. M., E. WAPSTRA, AND R. SWAIN. 1997. Asynchronous male and female gonadal cycles and plasma steroid concnetrations in a viviparous lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Scincidae), from Tasmania. General and Comparative Endocrinology 108: 271-281.
JONES, S. M., E. J. BENNETT, AND K. M. SWADLING. 1998. Lipids in yolks and neonates of the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 121B: 465-470.
LARQUE, E., H. DEMMELMAIR, B. BERGER, U. HASBARGEN, AND B. KOLETZKO. 2002. In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labelled fatty acids in humans. Journal of Lipid Research 44: 49-55.
MOORE, C. E., AND G. A. DHOPESHWARKER. 1981. Placental transfer of trans fatty acids in the rat. Journal of Lipid Research 15: 1023-1028.
MUNRO, H. N., S. J. PILISTINE, AND M. E. FANT. 1983. The placenta in nutrition. Annual Reviews of Nutrition 3: 97-124.
SHINE, R. 1995. A new hypothesis for the evolution of viviparity in reptiles. The American Naturalist 145: 809-823.
SPEAKE, B. K., AND M. B. THOMPSON. 2000. Lipids of the eggs and neonates of oviparous and viviparous lizards. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 127A: 453-467.
STEWART, J. 1989. Facultative placentotrophy and the evolution of squamate placentation: quality of eggs and neonates in Virginia striatula. The American Naturalist 133: 111-137.
STEWART, J. R., AND M. B. THOMPSON. 1994. Placental structure of the Australian lizard, Niveoscincus metallicus (Squamata: Scincidae). Journal of Morphology 220: 223-236.
______. 2004. Placental ontogeny of the Tasmanian scincid lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Reptilia: Squamata). Journal of Morphology 259: 214-237.
SWAIN, R., AND S. M. JONES. 1997. Maternal transfer of 3H-labelled leucine in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Journal of Experimental Zoology 277: 139-145.
______. 2000a. Facultative placentotrophy: half-way house or strategic solution? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 441-451.
______. 2000b. Maternal effects associated with gestation conditions in a viviparous lizard. Herpetological Monographs 14: 432-440.
THOMPSON, J. 1977. The transfer of amino acids across the placenta of a viviparous lizard, Sphenomorphus quoyi (Lacertilia: Scincidae). Theriogenology 8: 158.
THOMPSON, M. B., J. R. STEWART, AND B. SPEAKE. 2000. Comparison of nutrient transport across the placenta of lizards differing in placental complexity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 127: 469-479.
THOMPSON, M. B., B. K. SPEAKE, J. R. STEWART, K. J. RUSSELL, AND R. J. MCCARTNEY. 2001. Placental nutrition in the Tasmanian skink, Nivescincus ocellatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 171: 155-160.
THOMPSON, M. B., S. M. ADAMS, J. F. HERBERT, J. M. BIAZIK, AND C. R. MURPHY. 2004. Placental function in lizards. International Congress Series 1275: 218-225.
THOMPSON, M. B., B. K. SPEAKE, J. R. STEWART, K. RUSSELL, R. J. MCCARTNEY, AND P. F. SURAJ. 1999. Placental nutrition in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus: the influence of placental type. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2985-2997.
WAPSTRA, E., AND R. SWAIN. 2001. Reproductive correlates of abdominal fat body mass in Niveoscincus ocellatus, a skink with an asynchronous reproductive cycle. Journal of Herpetology 35: 403-409.
YARON, Z. 1977. Embryo-maternal interrelations in the lizard Xantusia vigilis. In J. H. Calaby and C. H. Tyndale-Biscoe [eds.], Reproduction and Evolution., 271-276. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
 

 



 










" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Jones, Susan M. and Swain, Roy (2006) Placental transfer of H-3-oleic acid in three species of viviparous lizards: A route for supplementation of embryonic fat bodies? Herpetological Monographs, 20 . pp. 186-193. ISSN 0733-1347" name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/1/hmon-20-00-08.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/2/revisedherp_monographspdf.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
<meta content="Placental transfer of H-3-oleic acid in three species of viviparous lizards: A route for supplementation of embryonic fat bodies?" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Jones, Susan M." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Swain, Roy" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="270799 Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="270604 Comparative Physiology" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="We hypothesize that facultative placentrotrophy evolved in viviparous squamates as a means of supplementing embryonic fat reserves. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate a capacity for placental transfer of lipid in three species of the genus Niveoscincus that differ in degree of placental complexity and in their ability to defer parturition after embryonic development is complete. In Niveoscincus metallicus, we injected gravid females at different stages of gestation with H-3-oleic acid and studied transfer of the radio-label into maternal and embryonic lipid compartments over time. In a comparative study of N. ocellatus and N. microlepidotus, we measured transfer of H-3-oleic acid after 240 min in females with embryos at stages 39-40 only. For N. metallicus, the tune course experiment showed that transfer into the embryos tends to increase with time, and that the transfer ratio is greatest in late-stage embryos. Our results demonstrate that H-3-oleic acid is transferred into embryos, and into embryonic fat bodies, of all three species, but that the magnitude of transfer does not appear to be correlated with placental complexity." name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2006" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/1/hmon-20-00-08.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/2/revisedherp_monographspdf.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="Jones, Susan M. and Swain, Roy (2006) Placental transfer of H-3-oleic acid in three species of viviparous lizards: A route for supplementation of embryonic fat bodies? Herpetological Monographs, 20 . pp. 186-193. ISSN 0733-1347" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/" name="DC.relation" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-745.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-745.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-745.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-745.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/DC/epprod-eprint-745.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/DIDL/epprod-eprint-745.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/EndNote/epprod-eprint-745.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/HTML/epprod-eprint-745.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/METS/epprod-eprint-745.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/MODS/epprod-eprint-745.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/RIS/epprod-eprint-745.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/Refer/epprod-eprint-745.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/Simple/epprod-eprint-745text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/Text/epprod-eprint-745.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/745/XML/epprod-eprint-745.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />

  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
    
    <div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>




<table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
        <!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
        <tr>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
          <td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
          <td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
      </table></td>
  </tr>
    <tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
      <td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
      <td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
        <form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
          <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
          <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
          <input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
          <input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
          <input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
        </form>
      </td>
    </tr></table></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->


<div align="center">
  
  <table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Placental transfer of H-3-oleic acid in three species of viviparous lizards: A route for supplementation of embryonic fat bodies?</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Jones, Susan M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Swain, Roy</span> (2006) <xhtml:em>Placental transfer of H-3-oleic acid in three species of viviparous lizards: A route for supplementation of embryonic fat bodies?</xhtml:em> Herpetological Monographs, 20 . pp. 186-193. ISSN 0733-1347</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/1/hmon-20-00-08.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/1/hmon-20-00-08.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />126Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="754" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_755' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/2/revisedherp_monographspdf.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_755' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_755"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/thumbnails/2/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/745/2/revisedherp_monographspdf.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Author Version)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />207Kb</td></tr></table><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">We hypothesize that facultative placentrotrophy evolved in viviparous squamates as a means of supplementing embryonic fat reserves. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate a capacity for placental transfer of lipid in three species of the genus Niveoscincus that differ in degree of placental complexity and in their ability to defer parturition after embryonic development is complete. In Niveoscincus metallicus, we injected gravid females at different stages of gestation with H-3-oleic acid and studied transfer of the radio-label into maternal and embryonic lipid compartments over time. In a comparative study of N. ocellatus and N. microlepidotus, we measured transfer of H-3-oleic acid after 240 min in females with embryos at stages 39-40 only. For N. metallicus, the tune course experiment showed that transfer into the embryos tends to increase with time, and that the transfer ratio is greatest in late-stage embryos. Our results demonstrate that H-3-oleic acid is transferred into embryos, and into embryonic fat bodies, of all three species, but that the magnitude of transfer does not appear to be correlated with placental complexity.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">embryo; lipid; lizard; Niveoscincus; placentotrophy; viviparity</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270799.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270700 Ecology and Evolution &gt; 270799 Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270604.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270600 Physiology &gt; 270604 Comparative Physiology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">745</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">A/Prof. Susan M. Jones</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">16 Feb 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">04 Feb 2008 13:17</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=745;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=745">item control page</a></p>
  </td></tr></table>
</div>



    <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
    <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
  <tr valign="top">
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
© University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
      <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright &amp; Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a>  </td>
        <td width="32%"><div align="right">
            <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
            <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
            </a></p>
        </div></td>
      </tr>
      <tr valign="top">
        <td><p>  </p></td>
        <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
    <div align="center"></div></td>
  </tr>
</table>

  </body>
</html>